An autism assessment typically involves three core components: a comprehensive clinical interview, the completion of standardized questionnaires, and direct observation of social interaction. The clinical interview gathers detailed developmental, medical, educational, and social-emotional information, often from caregivers and other key informants, to understand the individual’s lifelong profile. Questionnaires completed by parents, teachers, and sometimes the individual themselves provide structured insights into behavioural patterns, social communication, and adaptive functioning across different environments. Direct observation, such as through semi-structured tasks that encourage social interaction, allows clinicians to assess real-time communication skills, social reciprocity, and behavioural responses. Throughout this process, a neuro-affirmative approach is emphasized, meaning that differences in social communication and behaviour are viewed through a strengths-based and non-pathologizing lens that respects neurodivergent identity and experience.